Hydraulic control valves are a necessary component of a hydraulic system. This article will explain why flow control valves are so important, what the different types of hydraulic control valves are, what exactly they control, and how they work.
What is the Use of Control Valves in a Hydraulic System?
There are three main types of control valves in a hydraulic system.
- Hydraulic pressure control valves.
- Hydraulic flow control valves.
- Hydraulic directional control valves.
They each have a different use within a hydraulic system.
Hydraulic Pressure Control Valves
The valves regulate the pressure within the hydraulic system. Each hydraulic system will operate between particular pressure levels. Too little pressure and it won’t do the job, too much pressure and there is a high risk of leaks and damage to the system including burst pipes.
Directional Control Valves
Directional control valves ensure the hydraulic fluid is in the right place at the right time. For example, in a hydraulic arm, the hydraulic fluid will go in one direction to extend and another to retract.
Hydraulic Flow Control Valves
These control valves regulate the flow of hydraulic fluid, particularly to the hydraulic cylinders, actuators and the motor.
The fluid flow controls the speed that the motor and the cylinders are working. They therefore control the transfer of energy from hydraulic to mechanical which does the heavy lifting.
How Do Hydraulic Flow Control Valves Work?
In the most simple terms, a flow control valve will have some mechanism for either allowing the flow of hydraulic fluid or preventing it.
Common Types of Flow Control Valves
There are a few common designs of hydraulic flow valves including:
- Ball – These employ a very simple mechanism. There is a ball with an aperture or hole through it which is attached to a handle. Lining up the hole with the valve openings will mean the fluid can flow through. Turning the handle so that the hole does not line up with the valve openings will block the flow.
- Butterfly – This type of valve employs a metal plate to either allow or obstruct the flow which is attached to a handle. When the handle is turned the plate will either open or close.
- Needle – Instead of an open or closed valve like the ball and butterfly valves, needle valves fit inside a valve stem and can be opened, closed or partially closed. The adjustable nature of these valves means more control over the flow rate.
Need New Valves?
Now you know how they work, how do you know if your hydraulic valves need replacing?
There are a few key signs:
- Leaking fluid.
- Loss of pressure.
- Change in pressure.
- Sticking valve.
- Valve not working.
Ensure that you choose the right valve for the job if yours needs replacing and if in any doubt consult a hydraulic engineer.
To speak to a member of our team and consult an experienced and qualified engineer about your hydraulic valves get in touch with us here.